I saved this picture along with explanations of the words, but I lost the explanations, so I leave it to y'all to figure it all out for me again.
Why is it written twice ? Once “normal” and the other in italic ?
It's imitating kids alphabet books where it first shows the print letters, then cursive.
Pretty solid, I think all are correct (I checked a few, just to make sure). For *gel-, cf. Latin gelu 'ice', from there Italian gelato 'ice cream'. *neb^h^os yielded Slavic nebo 'sky', but it seems Latin nebula 'cloud' retained the original meaning (and thus Spanish).