We all know the pictures of the astronauts on the ISS floating around. We also suspect that a lack of gravity is bad for the body as the muscles go weak and such.

Why don't spaceships just rotate to cause the effect of artificial gravity through centrifugal forces?

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[–] 68 points 7 months ago (20 children)

Small ships would have to rotate really fast to make 1G, and it’s not worth the trouble if nobody lives there permanently.

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  • [–] 67 points 7 months ago (11 children)

    Even if a small ship rotates fast that would ‘t work. If you have a small diameter then there would a huge difference between the perceived ‘gravity’ at your head vs at your feet.

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  • [–] 3 points 7 months ago (9 children)

    Not a problem when you’re sleeping lying down.

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  • [+] 6 points 7 months ago (6 children)
  • [–] -1 points 7 months ago (5 children)

    Why? It’s still just 1G.

    Do you faint when descending in an elevator?

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  • [+] 12 points 7 months ago (4 children)
  • [–] [S] 4 points 7 months ago (1 child)
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  • [–] 0 points 7 months ago* (1 child)

    You said force of rotation but the chart is talking about RPM.

    Still only 1G.

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  • [–] 4 points 7 months ago* (last edited 7 months ago)

    Everyone is doing a terrible job of explaining, but they're right.

    Gravity, 1G, is described on terms of an acceleration. 9.81m/s2.

    What is an acceleration? Is is the rate of change of a velocity. If a velocity changes slowly, it means the acceleration is low. If the velocity changes quickly, the acceleration is high.

    Now, imagining a record player. Or cd player. Or your spinning wheel of choice:

    You know that points farther away from the center are moving faster in absolute terms compared to points closer to the center.

    Because the points farther from the center have a larger velocity, that means after some rotation, the total change of velocity for the outer points must be larger than the change of velocity for inner points. So, points farther away must have greater acceleration.

    So, the apparent acceleration changes according to how far things are from the center point. This is why it really isn't the case that it would be 1G everywhere. 1G is a specific acceleration, if if we've established that acceleration isn't constant across the radius, then it can be 1 G only at one spot, not all.

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  • [–] 2 points 7 months ago (2 children)

    Im not really sure what you mean by lying down? You're not always lying down. Surely gravity is less relevant when you're lying down anyway.

    ... I dont have a good understanding of physics but sci-fi novels suggest a few problems on small ships.

    The first problem is the difference in gravity between your feet and your head. In a small command capsule like Artemis 2, your head might be near the centre at 0g while your feet are at the outside at 1g or even 2g. How hard does your heart need to pump blood? Would this create some kind of blood pressure problem?

    The next problem is how it would "feel". Is it called the Coriolis effect?

    In a small ship you might experience 1g, but it would feel like you're being spun around in a washing machine. Your ears would tell you that you're constantly changing direction and it would 100% fuck you up. In sci-fi the spinning thing needs to be large enough that some g-force is produced without you feeling that sense of motion, or at least for ot to be small enough that you get used to it.

    Another problem I just made up is that if there's no gravity then 100% of the inner surface area can be terminals and readouts and equipment. If you create gravity then you need a floor to walk on which will use a heap of surface area.

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  • [–] 4 points 7 months ago (1 child)

    There was recently a "design proposal" (more of a published thought experiment) I read (posted on lemmy) where the authors had figured out the diameter required such that the gravity differential from feet to head wouldn't be weird. It was quite large if I recall.

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  • [–] 1 point 7 months ago

    I guess thats why, in sci fi it's only used on ring shaped objects. A ship with a ring around its mid section, or a space station, or the expanse has a barrel shaped ship.

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  • [–] [S] 3 points 7 months ago* (6 children)

    interestingly bigger ships would have to rotate faster than small ships to achieve 1g btw

    this is due to smaller ships having a larger curvature so less velocity is needed

    edit: no wait i just did the maths again and you're right. smaller ships need lower absolute velocity of the outside walls, but angular velocity is higher.

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  • [–] 18 points 7 months ago (5 children)

    Yes, but the smaller the ship, the worse the Coriolis force will be. Imagine a 10m corridor with opposing gravity on each end, and no gravity in the middle. Travelling across would be extremely disorienting.

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  • [–] [S] 5 points 7 months ago (4 children)

    i think that would be so much fun!

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  • [–] 2 points 7 months ago (3 children)

    Now I'm thinking about how much force you would need to be able to jump high enough to hit escape velocity on your side, do half a flip, and land on the other...

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  • [–] [S] 3 points 7 months ago* (2 children)

    I did the calculation somewhere else in this thread, the outer walls of the spaceship (diameter 9m) would rotate with 24 km/h, so if you run really fast, you can outrun the rotation and start to float.

    Edit: a healthy adult should be able to sprint 100 m in 15 seconds, which is precisely 24 km/h. Source.

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  • [–] 3 points 7 months ago (1 child)

    Ooh! I didn't think about outrunning the rotation! Seems like there'd be a curve to your speed there as each bit of acceleration would make you lighter, making it easier to run... Like the rig they used in the marvel movies to make Captain America outrun everyone.

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  • [–] 1 point 7 months ago

    Key goals for both moon and mars missions is finding out how much gravity we need. We know we’re much healthier at 1G than in microgravity, but where is good enough? You can’t really draw a straight line to predict it. Does the moon have enough gravity for people to stay healthy long term? Does mars? Where should we set the rotation of a space station with artificial gravity?

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