https://developer.android.com/tools/adb

When you enable USB debugging (gotta enable Developer Mode first, which is usually enabled by tapping several times on Settings -> About phone -> Build Number, but can vary depending on model), you can connect the phone to your computer and have the computer start a command line shell via ADB (Android Bridge), which will allow you to uninstall almost everything. First, you should get a list of installed stuff with adb pm list packages. With the list, you can then use adb pm uninstall -k --user 0 package.name - wildcards don't work, you'll have to go one by one.