There are literally tests of Samsung phones replacing a blurred jpeg of the moon (the data is lost, there is no way to recreate it) with detailed images of the moon after it is "identified" as the moon.

https://www.reddit.com/r/Android/comments/11nzrb0/samsung_space_zoom_moon_shots_are_fake_and_here/

It isn't post processing, it is image generation and merging it with the source image.