No, two factor authentication does not mean it is a passkey.

Email is something you know, but also something you have. You know the username and password to your inbox, but you have access to your inbox if you stay logged in, so this can be either factor. A phone number is something you have, so you can receive text messages with it as a factor. Passkeys are its own technology that fit into the something you have category. Once you have two of these factors combined, thats how you get the 2FA experience.