Not the answer you are looking for, just here to add that CMY are also primary colors. Is just a different palette, that is more suitable for print (with the addition of black [K]) than for painting . Both palettes (cmy and the taditional red,blue,yellow) work the same way (substractive color), in contrast to the rgb palette that is on your example (additive color).

Note that green is a secondary color in the traditional and cmy palettes , resulting from the mix of blue and yellow or cyan and yellow.

Cmy

Red, blue, yellow

1. Yellow
2. Cyan
3. Cyan
4. Yellow
5. Magenta, by a hair over cyan

In my mind, I'm lumping in cyan as a shade of blue and magenta as a shade between purple and red. Yellow for 4 since I could imagine magenta and cyan text being legible whiteboard marker colors, but not yellow.

Edit: ran through again on an OLED display after a crappy TN panel on the first run. Same answers but with a larger margin for 5.

I guess for 1 its yellow as it feels the most like its own color. I feel like magenta feels like a shade of red and cyan as a shade of blue. I guess I feel 2 and 3 should be the same answer as I chose the most unique inbetween as the most like an inbetween but it is real close. I guess I will choose cyan as the magenta is closer to purple which I kinda feel is its own color but I don't feel strongly about it. I guess I would say (4) is yellow as it seems the lightest and (5) would be blue as it seems the darkest.

Magenta
Yellow
Cyan
Cyan
Magenta

Yellow, Magenta and Cyan are not really "in between" 2 primary colors. More like a sum of 2 primary colors.

We can explore this with the RGB color space model.

R G B
1 0 0 - red
0 1 0 - green
0 0 1 - blue 
1 1 0 - yellow
0 1 1 - cyan
1 0 1 - magenta
1 1 1 - white
0 0 0 - black

So you can see for instance that yellow is actually 2x as "bright" as red. In this model, white is 3x as bright as red.

I am colorblind, so no.

Magenta

Cyan

Yellow

Cyan

Red and blue are tied in this image but in darker shades the answer is always red.

1, 2, 4, 5: None

3: Yellow, if by the primaries you refer to Yellow Red Blue.

Also in your image I don't see cyan pictured. You have yellow, magenta, and blue. My answers are for true Y, M,C hues.

1. Magenta
2. Yellow
3. Cyan
4. Yellow
5. Magenta

I don't, but I have cone-rod dystrophy.

1. none
2. yellow
3. tie between magenta and cyan
4. cyan
5. none

No I'm colorblind.