Ulysses (James Joyce) does this in a million ways, it is about one day but in that one day the entire lives of the characters burst through as their mundane thoughts reveal what the landscape of their life was shaped by.
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Olive Kitteridge by Strout. The Things They Carried by O'Brien.
Spitballing, Faulkner's Sound and Fury is somewhat like that, also As I Lay dying, though more defining events told from different perspectives.
Catch-22 by Joseph Heller is a lot like that, jumping through a man's life to examine the most defining moments.
Not quite what your looking for the bobiverse universe kinda does this. Basic idea is guy dies and his mind is put into a satellite which can build more copies of itself. They don't specify time but the story stretches over thousands of years and jumps between the different copies and their adventures.
A lot of novels do that, don't they? There are a fair few that do it in non-linear forms as well, like The Time Traveller's Wife for example - still a straightforward story, not a House Of Leaves affair, but the chapters happen out of sequence, making them feel like snippets. I could be misremembering.
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