They can overlap. Price gouging means charging excessively high prices, especially when people have little choice during shortages or emergencies. Its basically demand based pricing, a fairly normal economic principle, taken to extremes.

Surveillance pricing means using personal data to estimate what you're willing to pay and tailoring your price accordingly. Two people could be buying the same product at the same time and see different prices because the company thinks it can squeeze more out of one of them.

It still allows mass gouging you cant be price gouged different than anyone else though. So stops price tags that would change by who's near them.

I click on it because I don't understand the title. It's not even clickbait or exaggerated, just a bit oddly phrased. With the added context of that first sentence, the title also makes perfect sense.