The node basically simulates (just like cloth simulation) a 1D manifold (a thin cloth if you will) and spits out the simulated mesh (at each frame). What you do with it is up to you. Like in the cover image of this post, i chained a couple more geo nodes to make it into a proper rope.
So for something like a chain, you could add another geo node after the RopeGN (like in the attached image).
Spiderweb is an interesting case, but it won't work with this modifier, because it inherently has internal loops. I think a cloth simulation would be much more feasible for that. And this is deliberate: the whole point of only doing for 1D objects (single loop is ok) is it allows to simplify and speed up the XPBD by quite a lot (for the nerds: the Jacobian is sparse if you only have nearest neighbor connectivity).
For the barbed wire -- I'm actually not sure. You can probably tweak the parameters to get something that resembles it, but I think a barbed wire also has lateral elasticity which normal ropes do not, so it won't properly model their dynamics.

