A new study uncovers concerns about misdiagnosis, stigma and inconsistent care for people with autoimmune diseases who are also diagnosed with functional neurological disorder (FND).

It also reveals deep disagreements between clinicians over FND diagnoses.

The research team say better communication, multidisciplinary working and more holistic care are needed to improve patient outcomes.

Lead author Dr Melanie Sloan, from UEA’s Norwich Medical School and the Department of Public Health at the University of Cambridge, said: “FND is a recognised neurological condition that can cause symptoms such as weakness, shaking, changes in movement or feeling, and non-epileptic seizures.

“These symptoms are real and are not made up or under a person's control.

“We wanted to better understand the challenges of diagnosing complex neurological symptoms in autoimmune diseases, and why patients and clinicians can sometimes see things very differently.

“Ultimately, our aim was to identify practical ways to improve communication, reduce distress and help ensure patients receive the most appropriate care and support.”