I've kept and planted only purple tubers and the plants do not return a higher yield of such tubers. It may return a few purple ones, it may grow only standard tubers.
I've even considered it a response of the plant towards soil conditions, sun exposure or amount of watering and it makes no difference.
There is no way, in my limited knowledge, to increase the frequency of such tubers, unless I was able to selectively breed towards such result like what I've done with hot peppers.