I thought Dacia was made in Romania?
We had the Dacia too a few years back, but it disappeared pretty quickly, I suspect it simply wasn't good enough, exactly because as you say it's incredibly weak, and has a very small battery, and although it was the cheapest when available, it clearly had worse value than the slightly more expensive competitors.

I looked up if you have any particular registration tax on cars in the Czech Republic, and as far as I can trell you don't, except a very cheap flat fee of CZK 800 (roughly €32) according to Google.

The other cars you mention are pretty close to the prices here. The Inster is $20,800 USD. The Fiat Grande Panda the same, and the Renault 5 $23,400 USD.
So at least not as bad as the Citroen, but still a bit more expensive in the Czech Republic.
That said however, there is a long tradition in Denmark to remove equipment that is standard in other countries, and have it as extras here. Especially smaller rims than standard are common. But also cruise control and seat heating. A package of extras to "upgrade" to normal easily runs up to a couple thousand dollars.
This tradition evolved because Denmark had some of the highest taxes on new cars in Europe. And as a funny side effect, cars were sometimes exported from Denmark, to other countries, because the price without taxes was lower here. This could even be to the country where the car was made. 😋

Unfortunately Skoda doesn't have anything yet in the low price segment, VW recently announced the ID.Polo to arrive next year, maybe there will be an equivalent Skoda?
Skoda are absolutely good cars, I bought the VW instead mostly because it was significantly cheaper as used, and there were more to choose among.

Here the median and average are about twice what you get in the Czech Republic. We are personally not up to the average, but we are doing fine anyway. 😋