There are some things that can be described as philosophy of Linux (e.g. "don't break userspace", "I only care about the code"), but the idea that "Linux is about [freedom|choice|privacy|openness]" is entirely mythological. It's just a neat free software operating system kernel that has been used to build operating systems, many of which are free software.

Of course, Linux is "too fragmented" because there isn't a standard "linux desktop environment" (or package manager, or shell, etc) unless it's systemd in which case it's "about choice" and we need "init freedom."