I played a lot of Sky Force and Sky Force Reloaded. Pretty sure you have to pay to remove ads. Another single payment doubles the "stars" you earn which cuts back on the grind for upgrades. There aren't a ton of stages so a lot of the replay value comes from trying to beat stages on higher difficulty. If you're into v-scrollers it's a visually beautiful game with fun bosses and solid gameplay.

I sunk some time into Retro Bowl for a while too. Fun little football (Gridiron/American football) game with retro inspired graphics.

Truth be told that's about the extent of Android games I found enjoyable. Since getting a Steam Deck and TrimUI brick, I bounce between Factorio, OpenTTD (has an Android port but I haven't tried it), Rimworld and emulating plethora of nostalgic console games.

Edit: forgot about Mindustry and just saw it mentioned above. I'll definitely add that to my recommendations. I prefer on PC or Steam Deck but it plays well enough on Android.