Specifically Israel: https://www.quora.com/Why-do-ultra-Orthodox-or-Haredi-Jewish-people-have-special-rights-in-Israel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exemption_from_military_service_in_Israel
Though apparently the Israeli Supreme Court ruled against the ultra-Orthodox regarding the military service exemption in 2024 so maybe that's not a thing anymore.
Hasids in the US don't allow their women to interact with men. The Amish are exempt from many taxes in the US.
They are so insular that they are essentially small countries within a host country. It's just not compatible with a free and open society imo.
Edit: One exemption I can think of is Native Reservations, since it's their fucking land in the first place.