I infrequently have the same troubles with my dgpu (Although running Debian with KVM and qemu instead of Proxmox) and the remove power and letting the machine be out of juice has been the only solution for my dgpu to reset properly in those situations.
I even press the power button a few times before plugging the machine in again, although I think that is completely unnecessary.
There are some "hot reset" scripts you can find when it comes to pci passthrough, but they did nothing for me.