The old petals framework did that via a torrent like protocol and could even train models over a distributed network, but that was years ago and I have no clue if such a system is viable with all the new features in new models.
My guess is that we could exploit a distributed kv-cache ala deepseek, but they use their own proprietary algorithm for kv storage/retrieval and a huge datacenter, and with only normal internet connections, I'm not sure its viable fir people ?
Big models are a problem, but something like aihorde with smaller models combined with a distributed agentic harness could be interesting.