Almost all of these can be communicated via the language of recurrence relations.

There’s some hyperbolic geometry and circle packing in there too.

Edit: actually the bell curves and circle backing can be expressed as recurrence relations too.

The bell curve is an infinite sum of binomial coefficients.

The circle packing dots can be represented uniquely by which dots they’re adjacent to. They have 3 way symmetry, and clear generations, so you can order and index the dots entirely based on the initial 3 (left as an exercise to the reader). So this is also just a more complex piece wise recurrence rule.