There's a book, The Sports Gene by David Epstein, that talks about elite level sports performance and the extent to which improvement in different sports is trainable or innate, which are social/cultural, and which have feedback loops to make sport performance a combination of all of the above.

Major league baseball players have very high visual acuity (including/especially much more precise visual determination of distance, like a rangefinder). NBA players are tall, and everyone knows that, but someone surprising is that most of them have much longer arms than even the people of the same height. Olympic high jumpers have tendon attachment points that are especially conducive to jumping high. Many world class marathoners come from ethnic groups that have certain genetic adaptations that help increase red blood count, especially in response to high altitude living (while also having the environmental benefits of living at high altitude in their childhoods and growing up in a culture of running every day as children).

What's interesting, though, is that there may be different genetic or physiological reasons for an untrained person's baseline ability, how quickly their body adapts to training, and where the plateau happens for that particular training. There are people who are naturally high performing, others who might be very responsive to training, and others still who have high ceilings so that they can reach the highest levels with sufficient training.

Drugs will only help with certain adaptations, and can't help with others. There isn't a drug that a 25-year-old can take to make him taller, or to make his Achilles tendon attach at a different point. Drugs probably don't help with hand eye coordination, reaction time, or strategic decisions.

This particular event shows that big muscles may actually hinder swimming ability, so taking drugs to make your muscles bigger might hurt your performance.

So it depends on the sport. I'd expect doping to provide very little advantage in some sports that involve a lot of technique or strategy. And I think swimming is a sport where performance depends heavily on technique, especially at sprint distances.

You actually see it spread even broader - people thinking they can cheese the hard grind. If i get this equipment i can run longer / ride faster / play better and now we're at the point where people think feeding gibberish into a plageurism machine means they can now Art without effort.

Nope. Stuff can help and it can elevate, sure...but there's gotta be the skill underneath. And you need to work for that.