I still don't know what you mean by "What you see when you plug in an Android phone" (I've plugged in a lot of Android phones, and they don't all show up the same way).
I'd take a look at Disk Manager - that will give you some insight.
I suspect the drive has issues. Try a drive recovery tool like Stellar NTFS - but only examine the drive. It should report what partitions it sees and if there's any recoverable data on it.
If you decide to try to recover the data, make sure you save to the drive on your PC. Also that's something that will take hours to days so do it in small batches and keep the drive cool while it's running.