Sorry, I will not talk about browsers in your list because I've tried them and my personal preference goes to chawan for these reasons:

• has CSS layout support
• has HTML5 support with various encodings
• can display Inline images in terminals that support Sixel or Kitty protocols (opt-in feature)
• offers basic JavaScript support via QuickJS (opt-in)
• supports HTTP(S), SFTP, FTP, Gopher, Gemini...
• has built-in viewers for Markdown, man pages, and directory listings
• has Incremental loading
• uses multi-processing, so several buffers can be loaded at once
• offer mouse support, bookmarks, and protocol handling extensible by users

If you want to check another option, there's also brow.sh.

Hope this helps in your web terminal journey :)